Information Technology Acts

Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 Almost every home, library and school in the US has computers as well as access to the internet. These have become very important to children’s success in their academic work. However, the internet can expose them to online predators as well as inappropriate material. The increase in use of the internet by children especially teenagers brought in concerns about the need to prevent illegal activities over the internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The US Congress enacted the Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 to address access to offensive content through the internet. The Act requires schools as well as libraries to put content filters on their information systems to prevent minors from accessing inappropriate sites and contents (Reynolds, 2006). Content devices are placed to block o bscene and child pornography pictures, as well as, any other material deemed to cause harm to minors. The passing of this Act was prompted by the increase of global network which enabled minors to chart or communicate through email and chart rooms. This was deemed to pose risks to minors who can still be easily deceived by those who pretend to have good intent. Besides, software for hacking and spyware had become very common, meaning that anybody could easily illegally gain access to minors’ information if they wanted to for any reason. Hacking allows unauthorized access, disclosure as well as dissemination of personal identification information about children and teenagers. This posed great risks to minors who access the internet. There were concerns that some of these software companies develop software which enable them track minors’ web-surfing activities, and as a result sell the information to market research companies (Reynolds, 2006). This is illegitimate and a gainst the Privacy Act. Marketing companies and other firms use such information to send email advertisements by use of ardware through minors’ email addresses, regardless of their ages and the risks associated with the products or activities. Again, the internet allows those who develop pornography movies and pictures to distribute them online. Some of these contents are freely available online and always attract minors’ attention. Such inappropriate contents contribute to minors being involved in immoral activities which include sex when they are not yet mature. The internet also allows drug gangs to make attractive advertisements which allow them to easily recruit teenagers into their drug and gang activities. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 1986 The Act was passed to help reduce cracking of information systems as well as to deal with federal computer-related offenses. It governs cases where information systems are used to carry out crimes involving interstate as well as foreign commerce. It also covers the use of computers to commit crimes related to illegal access or use of computers of financial institutions or the federal government.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The act was passed as a result of the development of electronic funds transfer systems, hacking software, spyware, virus and the increase in adoption of information systems in institutions. The adoption of electronic funds transfers created real concerns about fraud or illegal transfer of funds from financial institutions. Fraudsters are able to maliciously access data and use various techniques to steal money from financial institutions or individual accounts. The development of credit cards, ATM cards and automated machines has increased the risks of fraud. Criminals skim credit card details by swiping them through card reader to copy the information contained in their magnetic strip, an d use them to generate cloned cards (Stamp Walker, 2007). Companies have developed handheld skimmers which can fit into pockets and hands, which allow fraudsters to secretly swipe cards without the knowledge of the owners. Some of these skimmers are attached to ATMs in the card slot. They are used in combination with pinhole cameras to record customers entering PIN. Fraudsters can also take advantage of their powerful encrypting software to encrypt passwords of employees in a financial institution to transfer funds from the institution to a financial institution in another country. The development of online financial transactions has also increased fraud risk. Hackers can hack financial details of an individual or institution through unauthorized leaks in the system and use it carry out fraud activities, which includes illegal transfer of funds and assets across countries. Software companies and individuals continuously develop password hacking software which hackers and crackers u se to view activities of other remotely connected computers. They are therefore able to spy activities of institutions of the federal government or monitor the financial activities of financial institutions. There also software which enables them to capture the activities of these institutions or damage vital data belonging to these institutions (Wienbar, 2004). These software enable them crack passwords since they are stronger than firewall and other filters. They can therefore illegally gain access to confidential information and use it to achieve their own personal interest. Spyware and viruses have been developed to cause damage and to gain unauthorized access to federal information. They can be used to hack, delete files or information stored in protected computers vital to the federal government or institutions. New technologies such as spyware can be used to collect information from corporate or public institutions without the knowledge of the computer users. They can be used to monitor computer users, collect personal information and take control of the computer of computer systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They can install additional software which may include virus, and interfere with functionality of other computer programs. The development of webcams also poses great risks. Individuals remotely activate webcams embedded in computers used in institutions to secretly capture activities, and therefore illegally monitor activities of individuals and institutions. Reference List Reynolds, G. (2006). Ethics in information technology, 2nd Ed. St Peter Port: Course Technology Inc. Stamp, J., Walker, J. (2007). Money laundering in Australia, 2004: Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice. Australian Institute of Criminology, 342. Wienbar, S. (2004). The Spyware Inferno. News.com. Web. This essay on Information Technology Acts was written and submitted by user Inertia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International Management Essay Essays

International Management Essay Essays International Management Essay Essay International Management Essay Essay Executive Summary This written instance analysis study is prepared for the analysis of the instance survey of the Tata Group – â€Å"The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tata’s Global Expansion. † ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . It will foremost get down with a brief debut on the Tata Group of India. with the beginning and the secondary ( both short- and long-run ) jobs of this biggest pudding stone in India. to be identified and discussed following. An analysis of the jobs is presented following. followed by the standards of rating. A comprehensive listing of all major executable classs of action are presented before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) are discussed. The following subdivision will cover the justifications of recommendations followed by the execution. control and follow up. 1. Introduction The Tata Group. India’s biggest pudding stone ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . was founded by 29-years old Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868. It was foremost established as a trading company in Bombay and started open uping concerns in sectors such as steel. energy. fabrics and cordial reception ( Tata Group 2012 ) . In 1904. Sir Dorab Tata. the senior of Jamsetji’s two boies. succeeded Tata Group in Germany after Jamsetji passed on. Ratan Tata succeeded as the president. following the decease of his uncle – J. R. D. Tata. in 1993 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . Today. the Tata group consists of more than 100 runing companies in seven concern sectors ( Refer to Appendix 1 ) with operations in more than 80 states across six continents. exporting merchandises and services to 85 states. The latest fiscal figures reflected on its web site showed that the entire gross of Tata Group was US $ 83. 3 billion ( around Rs 3. 796. 75 billion ) in 2010-11. an addition of 18. 8 % from 2009-10 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . With its devotedness to strong values and first-class concern moralss. the Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 old ages. Each Tata company or endeavor operates independently and is answerable to its ain board of managers and stockholders. Traveling frontward. new engineerings and invention will be Tata Group’s focal point. in order to develop its concern in India and internationally. Anchored in India with its traditional values and strong moralss. Tata companies are constructing transnational concerns that will accomplish growing through excellence and invention. while equilibrating the involvements of stockholders. employees and civil society ( Tata Group 2012 ) . 2. Beginning Problems With its broad variegation of concern across six continents. Tata faces several challenges. The first job is to construct a consistent vision while being in many different markets and industries. Another challenge is to explicate schemes for over 100 companies in more than 80 states.Besides this. another job of Tata Group is the high engagement of Ratan Tata. who is the main steward of the group of nine senior executives sitting on the boards of the Tata companies. in both the dialogues of major trades and the inside informations of his auto-making. telecom or steel concerns ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . The following challenge for Tata is on how to absorb the fighting Corus Millss. Other challenges for the future include make up ones minding on which concerns to by-product and which to prosecute. what will go on to the pudding stone during an economic system slow-down. The most challenge issue for Tata Group possibly would be to make full the nothingness left behind by the energetic an d airy Mr Ratan Tata – Chairman of the Tata Group. when he retire ( Koontz and Weihrich 2010 ) . 3. Secondary Problems 3. 1 Long term3. 1. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsFrom the instance survey. it is apparent that a major job for Tata Group is its variegation of its investings and concerns over so many different states. The group is subjected necessarily to the different market state of affairss and the civilization of each single market. 3. 1. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssAnother long-run job for Tata Group is whether they should go on runing the fighting Corus Millss. As mentioned in the article. the minute Tata Steel took over Corus. it is loaded with a $ 7. 4 billion debt and the high operational cost of Corus weakens the net income borders of Tata Steel ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . 3. 1. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down Should there be an economic system slow-down. the ability of Tat Group to prolong its concerns versus their ability to prolong the societal responsible civilization. which is developed by Ratan’s ascendants ( Griffin and Moorhead 2010 ) . remains a challenge for Tata Group. The Rata pudding stone will hold to make up ones mind between prolonging its concerns and carry throughing this civilization. This will be particularly tough with a $ 7. 4 billion debt already on its books. 3. 1. 4 Management control in Tata GroupAs mentioned in the article. Mr Ratan is the main steward. of his squad of nine senior executives in the Group Corporate Office. who negotiates major trades himself and immerses himself in the inside informations of his concerns. Ratan Tata is besides the major determination shaper in most of Tata Group’s major trades. At the clip when the article was written. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement. The fact that Mr Ratan Tata is individual and childless ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) therefore poses the toughest challenge of who is to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 4. Analysis 4. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsThis long term job will turn out to be an obstruction towards its planetary enlargement and the development of the company to its full potency. as there is no 1 common group scheme with a common aim. The deficiency of a common corporate scheme may move as a keeping force ( Singh 2012 ; mention to Appendix 2 ) against traveling Tata Group to its coveted place in the planetary market and besides against accomplishing overall productiveness of the organisation. 4. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssA first expression at this job of the Tata Group would evidently be to stop the operation of Corus Millss. However. one of the strengths and competitory advantage that Tata Group has over its rivals. is backward integrating ( Hill and Jones 2011 ) like what Hill and Jones ( 2011. 180 ) described – steel companies providing its Fe ore demands from company-owned Fe ore mines. Having its ain abundant coal and Fe ore militias enables Tata Group to bring forth natural steel at low cost in India. and transport it to Corus’ first-class Millss overseas to bring forth steel merchandises. Furthermore. by looking at the fiscal information provided in the instance survey. Tata Motors was the least profitableness concern in 2007 for Tata Group. With the acquisition of Corus Millss and Tata’s competitory advantage of backward integrating. Tata Group can do usage of Tata Steel and Corus Millss to bring forth low cost steel auto parts in order to cut down the cost of gross revenues for Tata Motors. The gross net income borders for Tata Motors can be increased with the cost of gross revenues reduced ( Needles. Powers. and Crosson. 2010 ) . 4. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down When there is an economic system slow-down. it will subject Tata Group’s determination on prolonging its concern or still keep its expensive corporate societal duty. to a great trial. A fast and immediate solution. during an economic system down-turn will be to cut down the parts for charitable causes. such as cut downing or ending the one-year $ 40 million part for charitable Acts of the Apostless in Jamshedpur. in order to prolong its concerns. However. Tata Group will hold to see about the long-run deductions of such drastic immediate decrease or expiration of charitable financess. The repute of Tata Group may have a whipping in the long tally. due to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . should such steps are implemented drastically and instantly. in order to prolong its concerns. 4. 4 Management control in Tata GroupFrom the description of the article. the direction manner of Tata Group seemed to follow an ethnocentric strategic sensitivity and an organisational civilization of â€Å"family culture† . A cultural strategic sensitivity refers to the peculiar manner which most multi-national companies ( MNCs ) have towards making things ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . A MNC with an ethnocentric sensitivity will usually depend on the values. and involvements of the parent company in formulating and implementing a strategic program. Their primary accent is on profitableness and the company will seek to run its abroad operations in line with how they are run back at place ( Loke 2008 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . Tata Group is likened to be run with an ethnocentric sensitivity as Mr Ratan Tata is the main dealmaker who is closely involved in all major trades dialogues and besides inside informations of his different concerns. This sensitivity will necessarily ensue in parochialism in Mr Tata. which may impact his logical strategic thought. Tata Group has adopted a â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. â€Å"Family culture† type of organisations besides concentrating on hierarchy. orientation to individuals. leader heads the company like a lovingness parent. the direction besides takes good attention of employees. ensures employees are good treated and bask continued employment ( Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1998 ) . This is clearly reflected in their disbursement of $ 40 million yearly in the company’s place base of Jamshedpur and their first-class employee wage policy of workers still acquiring paid to the full till the age of 60 old ages old and womb-to-tomb wellness attention. even if they retire early. This will ensue in extra disbursals for Tata Group in order to carry through this â€Å"corporate societal responsibility† . Harmonizing to the article. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement at the clip when the article was written. The toughest challenge will be happening a suited campaigner of who is able to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 5. Standards of Evaluation 1. To place and distinguish between the â€Å"Cash cows† and â€Å"Stars† ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) concerns and the â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † and â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. 2. To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus within the following 5 old ages. 3. To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† bit by bit within the following 5 old ages. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. 4. To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages. 6. Alternate schemes A comprehensive listing of all executable schemes will be presented for Tata Group before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) will discussed. 6. 1 Short term ( S ) :Targeted short-run aims to accomplish within the following few months to 1 twelvemonth from the clip of execution. S1To place and group the concerns into â€Å"Cash cows† . â€Å"Stars† . â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † or â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. S2To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain and concentrate on and which concern ( Es ) to neutralize. 6. 2 Long term ( L ) :Targeted long-run aims to accomplish within the following 3 – 5 old ages and beyond. L1To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus Millss within the following 5 old ages by possibly re-looking into refinancing the debt loan with a lower involvement rate. in order to strength their net income borders. This is to change over Corus Millss into a profitable concern unit which will enable Tata Group to go on edifice on its competitory advantage over its rivals. of incorporating backward integrating. with the coaction of Tata Steel and Corus Millss. for Tata Motors. L2To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† of S $ 40 million for Jamshedpur bit by bit – 5 % per twelvemonth in the first four twelvemonth and a concluding 10 % in the 5th twelvemonth. and besides to cut down the employees’ benefits bit by bit. This will enable Tata Group to prolong its concerns better. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. L3To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages and besides to bit by bit alter their ethnocentric sensitivity manner of running the concern and besides their â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. Strategy statement as per Hofer and Schendel’s features: Tata Group’s scheme for the following 3 – 5 old ages is to â€Å"tidy up† it’s widely diversified investings and concerns and work on its competitory advantage of backward integrating ( of having Fe ore mines ) in order to assist its car concern addition net income border. By bit by bit cut downing their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . Tata Group will be able to impart these capital to prolong and spread out its concern globally. By placing a replacement for its president. this will guarantee the sustainability of the Tata concerns and besides to convey Tata Group to the following frontier. 7. Recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers )In order for this concern program for Tata Group to be successful. the schemes presented demands to be both accomplishable and sustainable with an accurate rating of its current resources. nucleus competences and capablenesss. With both short term and long term schemes listed supra and analyzed via the Strategy Feasibility Table listed in Appendix 4. the recommended schemes ( best 3 out of 5 ) are as follows: S1: To place and group the concerns. S2: To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain. which concern ( Es ) to neutralize.L2: To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . 8. Justifications of recommendations After analysing the options schemes via the Strategy Feasibility Table ( Refer to Appendix 4 ) . it was decided that the most executable schemes are S1. S2 and L2 to decide the beginning and secondary jobs above. Schemes S1 and S2 are chosen to outdo decide the variegation of concerns that resulted in the absence of a common group scheme with a common aim for Tata Group. The following scheme for Tata Group to implement is the decrease of their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . This will liberate up more capital for Tata Group to airt them to tout their â€Å"Stars† concerns. The staying two long-run schemes of L1 and L3. with a somewhat higher mark of 15 and 14 severally. in the feasibleness trial. may be considered to be implemented at the same time with lesser precedences. This is because it will non be easy for Tata Group to cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt within a short period of clip and besides non easy for any company to beginning for. identify and name a replacement for its Chairman and to alter the civilization within a short period of clip excessively. The most critical issue now is for Tata Group to carry on the most effectual and efficient schemes. 9. Implementation. Control and Follow-up For any MNCs. e. g. Tata Group. it is non easy to implement concern consolidation like S1 and S2. S1 and S2 described supra will merely be the â€Å"identification† phase to find the type of concern each belongs to. The physical execution of the consolidation has to be executed with utmost cautiousness as consolidation may ensue in employees redundancy. After the consolidation exercising is successfully. the Group Corporate Office ( GCO ) of Tata Group will hold to guarantee that they do non establish monolithic concern variegation programs without careful considerations. The followup on the execution of S1 and S2 will hold to be monitor by the GCO closely with a clear timeline listed out as a usher to forestall any cunctation or holds. As for the execution of scheme L2. Tata Group has to put to death it with cautiousness excessively. It is non be implemented excessively hurriedly to forestall any harm to the company’s image due to any to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . Any other hereafter â€Å"charitable spending† will hold to be discussed and decided more strictly. As stated above under Section 6. 2. L2. the decrease will be done bit by bit over a timeline of 5 old ages and the GCO of Tata Group will hold to adhere closely to this timeline. ( 2. 220 words excepting Executive Summary. headers. sub-headings. in-text commendations. and this sentence. ) 10. Mentions Aswathappa. K. 2010. International Business. 4th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dk4SWsWbbaMC A ; pg=PA332 A ; dq=Strategic+predisposition A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9nIlT5jIN5GzrAfIhryyCA A ; redir_esc=y # v=onepage A ; q=Strategic % 20predisposition A ; f=false. Change Management Coach. 2012. Change-Management-Coach. com: Force Field Analysis – Kurt Lewin. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language. Davies. Gary. Rosa Chun. Rui Vinhas district attorney Silva. and Stuart Roper. 2003. Corporate Repute and Competitiveness. 1st erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=eU4bVJmmKC4C A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=reputation A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9j85T4aVCdGrrAeRsYHWBQ A ; ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=reputation A ; f=false. Griffin. Ricky W. . and Gregory Moorhead. 2010. Organizational Behavior: Managing Peoples and Organizations. 9th erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=RidV6vh08xMC A ; pg=PA349 A ; dq=Culture+of+Tata+Group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=Q8QjT_mKCcfPrQef-IiNAg A ; ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ # v=onepage A ; q=Culture % 20of % 20Tata % 20Group A ; f=false. Hill. Charles W. L. . and Gareth R. Jones. 2011. Necessities of Strategic Management. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=VdG243upAqwC A ; pg=PA180 A ; dq=backward+integration+in+strategic+management A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=3NQ3T4PxEsHirAe2vfjVBQ A ; sqi=2 A ; ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=backward % 20integration % 20in % 20strategic % 20management A ; f=false. Hofer. Charles W. . and Dan Schendel. 1982. Strategy Formulation: Analytic Concepts. 8th erectile dysfunction. Eagan. Minnesota. USA: West Pub. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=8VcIfAEACAAJ A ; dq=Strategy+Formulation: +Analytical+Concepts A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=pasjT9_BCIjMrQf0x7GeCA A ; ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA. Johnson. Debra. and Colin Turner. 2010. International Business: Subjects and issues in the modern planetary economic system. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dhi7yUtQjegC A ; pg=PA140 A ; dq=Members+of+the+Tata+Group+Corporate+Centre A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=JpE3T8-LMYXRrQfw7fHVBQ A ; ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA # v=onepage A ; q=Members % 20of % 20the % 20Tata % 20Group % 20Corporate % 20Centre A ; f=false. Koontz. Harold. and Heinz Weihrich. 2010. Necessities of Management: An International Perspective. 8th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=s_wzNWdevJoC A ; pg=PA118 A ; dq=Tata+group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=QwwlT6vTJsnjrAfosdymCA A ; ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=Tata % 20group A ; f=false. Loke. Chee Shong. 2008. International Management. 1st erectile dysfunction. USA: AberdeenUniversity Press Services. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=BpbvbvaMjCwC A ; pg=PA48 A ; dq=ethnocentric+strategic+predisposition A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=hEg5T_uvA43yrQf6hPnVBQ A ; ved=0CFcQ6AEwBg # v=onepage A ; q=ethnocentric % 20strategic % 20predisposition A ; f=false. Luthans. F. . and Jonathan P. Doh. 2009. International Management: Culture. Strategy. and Behavior. 7th erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Luthans. F. . and Jonathon P. Doh. 2012. International Management: Culture. Strategy. and Behavior. 8th erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Acerate leafs. Belverd. Marian Powers. and Susan Crosson. 2010. Financial and Managerial Accounting. 9th erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=xI8pEZIob9UC A ; pg=PA225 A ; dq=reduce+cost+of+sales A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=Dd43T-P7CpG0rAfo24zWBQ A ; ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=reduce % 20cost % 20of % 20sales A ; f=false. Phadtare. Milind T. 2011. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: PHI Learning Private Limited. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=FdtGb2cZTRgC A ; pg=PA145 A ; lpg=PA144 A ; dq=BCG+Model # v=onepage A ; q=BCG % 20Model A ; f=false. QuickMBA. 2010. QuickMBA: Strategy / BCG Matrix. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ . Singh. Kavita. 2012. Organizational Behavior. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Pearson Education India. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=DbC0_McBPgIC A ; pg=PA337 A ; dq=force+field+analysis+kurt+lewin A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=KEA7T-jvPIjsrAeRnJmHAQ A ; ved=0CFQQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=force % 20field % 20analysis % 20kurt % 20lewin A ; f=false. Tata Group. 2012. Tata Group Worldwide. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tata. com/ . The Economic Times. 2011. The Economic Times. Topics. Ratan Tata. Mumbai.India: Bennett. Coleman A ; Co. Ltd. hypertext transfer protocol: //economictimes. indiatimes. com/topic/Ratan-Tata. Trompenaars. Alfons. and Charles Hampden-Turner. 1998. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diverseness in Global Business. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Appendix Appendix 1: The seven concern sectors of the Tata groupThe seven concern sectors of the Tata group:1 ) Communications and information engineering2 ) Technology3 ) Materials4 ) Servicess5 ) Energy6 ) Consumer merchandises7 ) Chemicals( Tata Group 2012 ) Appendix 2: Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language ( Change Management Coach 2012 ) Appendix 3: The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) Growth Share Matrix Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/( QuickMBA 2010 )

buy custom Pharmaceutical Law essay

buy custom Pharmaceutical Law essay Question 1 The current is looking for a cure or the closest thing that resembles a cure for a given disease. Although each of the drugs identified is promising, the weights are not equal. The drug patented in 1995 is the most promising one as it reduces death in subjects (mice) by the highest percentage (85%). It also reduces HgA1C by 2% which is almost the average reduction of the three drugs put together. One advantage is that it is more promising than the other hence presenting greater success rate chances. An additional advantage is that it will deduct the cost as efforts needed to progress are lesser than in the other drugs. The evident risk is that the drug patented in 1990 might be more effective the 1995 drug. This is because it has a significantly higher mortality rate reduction in mice and reduces HgA1C 1% better than the 1995 drug. The other risks are inherent to all other drugs. Its effect on mice may not resemble its effect on people. Question 2 One of the challenges is related to identifying the effect on treatment. Phase III suggests that the researchers identify the effect of the drug in both animals and people. It also reveals the length of the effects. Identifying these effects on people is one challenge as the researchers have to find voluneers who will take part in the trial process (Arcangelo Peterson, 2005). The other challenge is related to finances. This phase incurs the most cost. The pharmaceutical company needs many funds to carry out this stage successfully, which may not be at the companys disposal. The company can overcome the first company by compiling the relevant data that will challenge a patient to take part in the research. This will begin by progressing with the drug that is most promising. The other challenge can be overcome by targeting donors (Arcangelo Peterson, 2005). Donors will only be willing to put their donations in a drug that is promising. The relevant data in the previous stages should therefore be carefully gathered. Question 3 One of the strategies of increasing the commercial lifecycle of the drug is by making new formulations (Gupta, Kumar, Roy, Gaud, 2010). This will integrate having additional patents that cater for new formulations of the identified compound. The other strategy relates to making combinations. In such cases a company combines two or more drugs that are already a success in the market, thus marketing them as one product (Gupta et al., 2010). Question 4 One of the post-marketing obligations includes accurately reportting any issues identified in the market to the relevant authorities. Another obligation is related to recalling the drug from the market if it is identified as harmful to the patients (in a larger population). The company can make relevant modifications in relation to the issue identified, which is costly. They may also be forced to totally eliminate the drug from the market, which is more expensive (Friedman, Furberg, DeMets, 2010). Question 5 According to the New Drug Application of FDA, the company can be held on criminal charges if they withhold any relevant information regarding the drug. They would also be negligent if they release a faulty drug in the market or continue to sell a drug after realising its faults (Gupta et al., 2010). They can be sued by the affected persons. Question 6 The company can be faced by both criminal and civil cases. If it acts in negligence, it is liable and can be sued by the affected parties. If it hides relevant information to the relevant authorities, which would risk the lives of the patients using the drug, it would be criminally liable. The company can avoid the same by revealing all the information available and recalling the drug from the market after identifying certain faults (Friedman et al., 2010). Buy custom Pharmaceutical Law essay

Cynics and Cynosures

Cynics and Cynosures Cynics and Cynosures Cynics and Cynosures By Maeve Maddox These two â€Å"doggy† words have quite different meanings. The word cynic comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"dog-like, currish, churlish.† The word became a nickname for a school of Greek philosophers who disdained the luxuries and polite behavior of cultivated Greeks. Cynic is capitalized when it is used to refer to the philosophers. Pronunciation Note cynic [SIN-ik], cynical [Sin-uh-kl], cynicism [SIN-uh-sizm] cynosure Am. [SYNE-uh-SHOOR] Br. [SIN-uh-SHOOR] The most famous Cynicone might even say the cynosure of Cynics–was Diogenes. A most committed curmudgeon, Diogenes is remembered for having chosen to live in a tub instead of a house, and for telling Alexander the Great to move because he was blocking the sun. The word cynosure comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"dog’s tail.† This was the name given by the Greeks to the northern constellation Ursa Minor, the â€Å"Small Bear† in whose tail is the Pole-star, also known as the North Star. Because the North Star is bright and a means of finding the direction of north, the word cynosure acquired the figurative meaning of â€Å"something that is bright and serves as a guide.† The philosophy of the Cynics had much to recommend it. Their goal was to live life according to Nature, a philosophy similar to that expressed by Thoreau in Walden. Thoreau, however, minded his manners and didn’t despise creature comforts. The Cynics embraced poverty, hardship, and toil. They criticized the emptiness and hypocrisy of social convention and organized religion; as a result they earned the reputation of people-haters and grumps. In modern usage, a cynic is a person disposed to find fault with everything and to rant about it to everyone. A cynic trusts no one’s sincerity or good intentions. The adjective is cynical; the noun is cynicism. Here are a few current applications of these words: Bill Maher is a playful microphone-toting cynic, roaming the landscapes of Christianity, with a few references to Judaism, Islam, and Scientology. Cynical politicians disingenuously mouth slogans of liberty and national security in order to manipulate the uncertain masses. The media framing of political news is implicated in activating, if not creating, cynicism about campaigns, policy, and governance. Social cynicism results from excessively high expectations concerning society, institutions and authorities: unfulfilled expectations lead to disillusionment, which releases feelings of disappointment and  betrayal. A few commenters on cynicism, it appears, are a bit limited in vocabulary: As I got older I found my cynical-ness had mostly gone away. Thats just pure speculation based on my cynicalness that companies always make deals better after Ive already gotten mine to make me feel bad. I think another technique that the author uses is Holden’s cynicalness and over all hypocriticalness. Cynicism is the noun; no â€Å"ness† needed. Hypocrisy is the noun for hypocritical. Unlike cynic, the word cynosure has positive connotations. A cynosure is someone or something that serves for guidance or direction, a â€Å"guiding star.† Not as common as cynic and its related forms, cynosure is nevertheless in current use: One critic wrote that admiration has grown such that Vemeer is now â€Å"displacing Raphael as Europe’s cynosure of artistic perfection. They have been the subject of many sighs and the cynosure of billions of eyes I am talking about the paintings that have defined the world of art. Da Vinci Robotics Exhibitions-conceptualised by  Leonardo da Vinci, Open vibe- the brain-computer interface show how brain activity, PR2 Robot, Eccerobot 2–an anthropomimetic robot acting as a human replica–were the cynosure of all eyes in 2011. Deepika Padukone, who was once a hot favourite with Yuvraj Singh and MS Dhoni, will be  the cynosure  of all eyes this cricket  season. If you decide to use cynosure, be sure to avoid the clichà © â€Å"cynosure of all eyes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers10 Colloquial Terms and Their MeaningsEnglish Grammar 101: Prepositions

Motivating Factors for Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivating Factors for Strategic Planning - Essay Example Management needs to take the staff members into confidence regarding how the strategic planning process would benefit them individually and collectively. Three key motivating drivers for organizations to engage in the strategic planning process are obtainment of competitive advantage, preparing for the future, and The first motivator to engage in the strategic planning process for an organization is to gain competitive advantage over its contemporaries in the market. Many entrepreneurs with money establish businesses but they do not know what it takes to expand and sustain the business. â€Å"If a business has little idea where it is headed, it will wander aimlessly with priorities changing constantly and employees confused about the purpose of their jobs† (Online Business Advisor, 2006). Strategic planning process allows an organization to focus its manufacturing, marketing, and research efforts in such a way that the end product or service caters for the interest of exactly the population that needs it. The second motivating factor for organizations to engage in the strategic planning process is to prepare for the future. The golden principle that organizations follow is, â€Å"If you don’t know where you’re going, you’ll probably end up someplace else† (Waechter, 2012). The strategic planning process help the organizations achieve this by delineating the steps that lead an organization to its desired future. An additional benefit it provides is that it helps the organizational personnel to optimize on their potential and enhance their productivity since they know what roadmap they have to follow. In short, the strategic planning process helps the management make informed decisions to have long-term benefits for the organization and all people associated with it. Another very important motivating factor for organizations to engage in the strategic planning process is to prepare for change. In the present age, when technology advances

Concert response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert response paper - Essay Example Musical performance was directed by Midiyanto and accompanied by the guest dance company called Lestari Indonesia. This unusual performance created a great opportunity to appreciate the power of traditional Javanese music in real life. Ladrang Wilujeng was the first piece performed during the concert. It was a good beginning because it introduced all spectators to unusual scales and harmonies used in traditional Javanese music. It was difficult to perceive the melody in the beginning because of its significant differences with Western music where rhythm and melody went together under any circumstances. However, after a couple of minutes there atmosphere in the hall changed; it was full of meditative vibes and made all spectators feel engaged in the performance. Harga Wisma followed the first piece and presented a good case of traditional Javanese vocal. The melody was very authentic and it made people feel as if they travelled to the place where the music was created. Gambyong Pareanom came next; it was a traditional Javanese dance performed by the troop of dancers who joined the musicians and helped them to showcase the best traditions of Javanese culture in one performance. The second part of the performance began with a cheerful sound of Gendhing Erang-Erang to Ladrang Opak Apem. That piece was quite emotional as it was followed by a vocal party. Unusual vocal joined by a number of Javanese musical instruments created a strong feeling of Javanese culture to all spectators. That piece was followed by a composition consisting of several pieces with gong cycles. All cycles were different due to the scale used and beat structures. Sampak was the best part of all because it was more dynamic and cheerful in its mood. There was a small vocal party between some of the pieces; it was interesting because only a small group of musicians followed the vocalist. It was great to hear all diverse and changing musical elements used in traditional Javanese Gamelan in

[narrative]A little learning is a dangerous thing Essay

[narrative]A little learning is a dangerous thing - Essay Example Little did we know that our mode of dressing was termed skimpy and irritated some people in Saudi Arabia. Our ignorance led to the climax of conflict when my friend Jerry attempted to shake the hands of a lady who was passing near our hotel room. This act created a scene that cost us endless explanations in a bid to explain that our intentions were not wrong. We were caught and locked up in a room for hours for indecent behavior. After long hours of discussion, we managed to convince the security men that we were simple visitors and had no intention of any kind with the lady. We even explained we found it courteous to greet people. We were later released with severe warnings. At the end of the day we learnt that had we researched more on the culture of the Middle East, we would not be in trouble for behaving badly. With the tough lessons learnt, life continues. My friends and I are very cautious especially when we do not have enough information on some aspects of

Social media for business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social media for business communication - Essay Example This year the amount generated on the single day is $816 million becoming the heaviest online sales volume received in a single day (Diers, 2012, p. 23). The overall U.S. retail e-commerce spending for the month has increased by 15 percent. There is greater access to online shopping on Cyber Monday. This is a marketing term developed in 2005 by online retailers that define the increase of online shopping activities on Monday. Approximately 50 million Americans visited online retail sites on a black Friday representing a 35 percent increase from the previous year. The number of customers accessing the top five retail sites namely: Amazon, Walmart, BestBuy, Target, and Apple increased by double digits. This result shows that multichannel retailers recorded strong growth in visitors’ access. The increased use of online retailing has greater marketing implications to marketing principles. The need for change in the marketing strategy to absorb the increasing online visitors is ess ential for any firm because it leads to greater sales volume. The success for any company lately is based on the focus on the customer and commitment to market change. Globalization affects marketing in a drastic way by affecting marketing. Use of World Wide Web in marketing and online shopping is the next revolution. The data obtained for visitors to the online sites depict the success attainable by venturing in it. Consequently, the need for strategizing and formulating of online strategy in ensuring increase in sales volume is essential. Product innovation is powered by the consumers. Therefore, marketing of the products must ensure correct feedback is obtained from consumers to facilitate understanding of new product development. Driven by the need of simplicity, consumers need must be catered for. For instance, online shopping is a product

Financial Markets and Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Financial Markets and Institutions - Essay Example economy, impact of recent monetary policy on U.S. economy and the strategy for the use of bond markets. Foreign Exchange Market The foreign exchange market is an over-the-counter (OTC) market. The participants of foreign exchange markets are portfolio managers, importers and exporters, commercial banks, central banks, and foreign currency brokers. Types of Transaction and their benefits There are three types of foreign exchange transactions: spot transaction, forward transaction and swaps. A spot transaction includes deliver of the exchange by the seller of the foreign exchange to the buyer, on the spot, and the settlement of deal is within two business days. A forward transaction involves an agreement between the seller and buyer of currency to purchase or sell a preset amount of currency for a rate which is determined in advance at a specified date in the future. A currency swap is defined as a conversion of one currency into another with an agreement to revert it back at some date in the future. Forward transactions are valuable to the U.S. and global economies in several ways. It can fully eradicate risk by locking in now the rate or price at which the transaction is going to be made in future. Forward trading offer the economic benefits of risk control and price discovery as well as rich opportunity for speculation. It provides protection against price changes through hedging. Spot market is also considered as most developed market and central banks have judged it as the neutral market for interventions. Forward transactions also protect the investors and traders from exposure towards the fluctuations of the spot rate known as currency hedging. (Peng, 2008, p.194). Factors Affecting Interest Rates Interest rates are determined by the forces of demand and supply. There are numerous factors that affect the interest rates and these are as follows: First is the monetary supply and demand. The interest rates for saving accounts of U.S. citizens can be affected by the demand and supply of the currency in circulation and more demand and less supply result in a higher rates being offered. Second is the inflation. Inflation rate impact interest rates because every lender desire returns from the loan in order to reflect the reduced purchasing power. They add the expected or existing inflation value to the interest rates to evade losses. Third is the Central Bank policy. It helps to decide the interest rates for saving accounts. Fourth factor is the demand for credit. When the demand for credit is high, then the best savings account interest rates are seen. Interest rates tend to decrease with the decrease in the credit demand. Fifth factor is the economic state of the U.S. It enables to determine the interest rates for saving accounts. Interest rates tend to decrease with the recession and economic prosperity cause the interest rates to go up. Sixth factor is the expectation of the economic growth. Interest rates tend to increase when economic growth is predicted. Seventh factor is the level of competition among financial institutions. When financial institutions compete for consumer business, then the saving accounts and best interest will be seen.

The Three major Categories of Motives Essay Example for Free

The Three major Categories of Motives Essay MOTIVES Motives can be define as a distressful feeling experienced by a person or animal that is ended by performing a behaviour that the organism believes will or might end the feeling.   According to encyclopaedia britannica it is defined as those forces acting either on or within a person to initiate behaviour. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Motives are often categorize into Primary (basic), Secondary (learned) and Stimulus Primary Motives include hunger, thirst, sex, avoidance of pain. It’s unlearned motives and common to both animals and human. It is related to homeostasis which is basically entails maintenance of normal (steady) physiologic body state.   Primary motive acts to maintain homeostasis. Example of primary motives is the feeling of hunger which is also known as need for food. Secondary motive; are learned motives. They varied from one animal to the other and person to person. Example of secondary motives includes curiosity, ambition, competition, aggression, interest, Attitudes, Achievement and Power motivation. It’s usually acquired as part of socialization process. Study also indicates that individuals have the ability to learn new motives. The motives can be acquired by the following technique; classical, instrumental, and observational learning. Stimulus motives are innate but they involve motives to increase rather than decrease stimulation. People and lower animals need stimulation and activity. They also require exploration and manipulation. Example of stimulus motives can occur when someone is walking under a mango tree and a ripe mango fell on his head. The distressful feeling he might experience would be pain on the head as a result of the impact from the mango. This can subsequently motivate him to take analgesic when he gets home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reference John, Philip, Smith. (2006).   Motives. Immediate cause of Behavior. Alternative Psycological Textbook. Retrieved July 12, 2008. From http://members.aol.com/psychquery.

Different types of camera

Different types of camera Services Provider Video Camera Normal/HD: We bring forth our vast experience and expertise in this domain, involved in providing best quality photography services with Video Camera Normal/HD.Weddings defies imagination, as people try out everything different to enhance the event and make it memorable. Your wedding is a day in your life where you can live your dream and that wonderful day of you dream is closer than you ever imagined. Now is the time to turn those dreams into reality through our best photography services. Wedding photography encompasses photographs of the bride and groom before marriage as well as coverage of the wedding and reception. We have a team of expert photographers who render these services as per client’s requirements. These photographers use Video Camera Normal/HD, capturing perfect and clear images during the wedding day. This video camera switches to normal light when needed. It even has a built-in IR light. This video camera is perfect for capturing images in the dark then switch it to no rmal light mode. With the ability to switch from normal light to night vision, this Video Camera Normal/HD can capture a higher quality picture from greater distances. We offer our photography services to clients at nominal rates. To make your wedding memorable, we capture optimal quality photos. Still Camera Normal/HD: Wedding is undoubtedly the most special and celebrated day for every bride and Groom their family, and each one plans for their big day keeping in mind the class and the lavish feel they would want to give it. Here is where our photography services play a key role during the wedding day and wedding ceremonies. We are one of the reputed organizations involved in offering a quality assured wedding photography services. We have professional wedding photographers to best suit your requirements and budget. These photographers use latest Still Camera Normal/HD to capture each moment and movement of the day. This range of camera is ideal for creating unique, eye catching and inspirational imagery of your wedding day. We arrange pre wedding photo shoot, engagement photo shoot and bridal photo shoot as per client’s requirements. Our Still Camera Normal/HD captures each emotion and joy with clear and bright images. This camera can cover entire wedding with all the rituals and ceremonie s without any hard light on the photos. We strive to bring candid feel to each frame of our work at affordable cost. Weddings are the biggest function in anybodys life, these moments need to be captured and archived for life time. Helicopter: If you are amazed about your wedding then we are here to take your amazement to the highest possible degree. We shaadistudio here offers you to have the most thrilling experience of your life by providing a helicopter service to arrive at the venue in the most classy and elegant way. We have planned to offer this service to our customers keeping in mind the kind of treatment they desire. While keeping up with the ever-growing technology we have employed some of the most excellent technologies available today in the market. Aerial photography is one such technology we offer to our customers to make their luscious moments even perfect. The mainstream technology or equipment we employ to capture aerial photography is via a quad copter, more specifically a drone. A quad copter or a drone is smaller form of a helicopter which is controlled with the help of a remote controller. This quad copter is mounted with a camera for the purpose of photography or videography from any altitude. Having attained Excellency in this genre of photography our photographers know how to capture each moment perfectly with this technology. Studio Setup: For the most important day of your life, we ensure to provide you with nothing but the best Studio Setup services for wedding and pre wedding rituals and ceremony. Capturing your special moments was never so easy, we shaadistudiobrings to you a team of professional photographers specialized to carry out a comprehensive event coverage. These photographers can effortlessly capture those candid emotion filled with exclusive moments at your weddings, anniversaries and birthday parties. We provide exclusive theme based studio setups at your venue for bride groom and family portraits. The entire setup is equipped with all types of backdrop lighting facilities, latest high resolution cameras and a complete setup for highly professional studio shoots. Shooting in the extra formal setting of our studio environment will ensure classic family portraits that will last centuries. We capture the couple and entire family element in different angles and in a series of images under exterior natural light as all images centred on individual themes. Equipped with the special skills, our team doesnot only make couples pose in awkward poses, click everyone who climbs the stage or click people enjoying the food but make efforts to get to know the family, relations, bonding and reflect the same through live moments in the form of photographs and videos. ZIB Cranes with Video Camera: Capturing every moment with the highest degree of accuracy is our expertise. In order to ensure such accuracy we employ the latest machinery and technology. To keep in balance with the latest technological advancements and to remain a step ahead we offer ZIB cranes mounted with video camera in order to capture precious moments. A JIB crane is a type of crane which is specifically used for the purpose of photography and videography. It is a smaller version of a general crane and is very useful tool for a photographer to capture photos and videos from different angles. A ZIB crane offers high degree of flexibility owing to its reach at angles of varying degrees. This crane employs a kind of controlling mechanism through which the person controlling it can manage to alter its tilt in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Keeping in mind our customer base we offer this service at a very economical cost. We all know that perfection is what we all human beings thrive for and so we w ant everything around us to be somewhat perfect to maximum possible degree. So avail this service of ours to make perfect and remarkable photography or videography of our photographers even more perfect. Being in great demand owing to its remarkable capabilities, availing this JIB crane service of ours will make you highly satisfied. Led Walls: The ambience of the venue is one of the most fascinating attractions for the guests. Ambience specifically may refer to the surrounding or the atmosphere of a place. A very important factor to judge how great the ambience a venue possesses is by the decorations around. These decorations may include dining area, seating arrangements and others like these. But all these decorations tends to go waste in the presence of improper lighting arrangement. A well-lit venue will look adorable but a venue with no proper lighting will make it look dull. So keeping this concern in mind we the shaadistudio offer an exceptional technology of LED walls which can brighten up the venue to create a majestic effect which can amaze anyone present at the venue. These LED walls are a gem of feature that have an excellent ability to make the guests star struck. This service of ours has been praised by many till date and anyone opting for it would definitely feel extremely proud. Besides serving as a remarkab le lighting arrangement these LED walls can beautify the venue to a great many folds. The aura which these LED walls create is worth watching and for anyone arriving at the venue will get totally stunned after watching these LED walls. Our highly trained light installation team are skilful enough to create a highly astonishing effect after installing these LED walls. Keeping in view the love you possess for your loved ones and the nominal cost of this feature going for it is a must. Screen Projector: If you wish your images or videos to be displayed live during the occasion, then we have excellent solution for that. We offers an exceptional projector screen arrangement for those who do not want any memorable moment of the occasion to be missed by anyone present at the occasion. Be it the bride or the groom or any other memorable moment of yours, let us know and we will display that up on the screen through a projector screen arrangement for you which will definitely make experience of yours and others present at the venue extremely delightful. There is always a doubt in the mind of the customer regarding where to place the screen at the venue. To address this issue our expert technicians will guide you to achieve the best possible result out of the projector screen arrangement. You can even get this screen placed at the position of your choice be at the venue’s entrance it be it anywhere else. After the set-up is done, it makes the venue look so grand that almost everyone present at the venue becomes an admirer. We being fully aware of the ever-growing changes and trends in the technological domain always bring into practice the best available and highly efficient technology and equipment. So keeping forward with this approach of ours the projector screen arrangement we prefer and offer are of the best possible quality available in the market. Do avail this service of ours to mesmerize everyone. Normal Screen: Photography is one of the essential part of wedding. No wedding is complete without photography. Focusing on making your every memory into a realisticmoment, we use normal screen during the photography of bride, groom and their family pose. These normal screens help in adjust ting the ratio of light and brightness during photography period. Screens are one of the most important tools in photography as well as in videography. There are different uses of normal screens during wedding as they can be used to display wedding events or to adjust light ration during photography. Mask Screen: LCD / Plasmas: To make the most out of your occasion we offer LED or Plasma screens for displaying your most precious moments. Usually in wedding halls opting for an LED or Plasma screen is great decision. With the help of these screens the guests present at the occasion need not miss any precious moment of the bride and the groom as the important moments are captured and displayed on these big screens. The user has option to choose between the display types i.e. and LED or a plasma screen. Based on the convenience of the customer he can get these screens installed at position of his choice at the venue. May it be entrance or somewhere else, regardless of whatever the place of installation of these screen be, they will definitely add up to the beauty of the occasion. The customer even has an option to go with multiple screens at a specific venue and position which suits him the best. More specifically these LED or plasma screens will be extremely appropriate in displaying and zooming the pictures o f the bride and the groom. You may also opt to display any pictures or videos which are near to your heart on these screens. We have an expert and highly talented workers who will best guide you in installing and deciding the best possible position for setting up these screens. We the shaadistudio are much aware and respect our customers so thus, we always offers the best to them.

Arab Women and Education :: Family Identity Essays

Arab Women and Education Whether it was the impoverished desert village, the war torn hills of Beirut, affluent Barqais, the jet set in London and Paris, or the enclosed lives of women in a harem in Morocco, the female characters in these novels all shared five common threads that dealt with the family and the search for identity. In my reading of five novels about Arab women from backgrounds and in situations as diverse as I thought possible, I was surprised to find this common thread running through every piece of literature. In this paper, I will analyze the role the women’s families have in the education of the women, the role of women and families in the literature in political support and times of war, women’s health and family planning, and most of all what these issues do to the emerging identity of the Arab woman. In a society that is so oriented around the extended family, and in which elderly parents are rarely if ever sent to nursing homes, the family’s opinion weighs heavily on what a woman can and cannot do with her life. The examination of the manner in which education is regarded in the families of these women is critical for a better understanding of the decisions they make. In a traditionally patriarchal society where the man is the breadwinner, the assessment of the subject of work outside the home is also interesting. In a region so riddled with almost constant political and military upheaval, there has been bound to have been a change in the roles women in the family play in support of these political and military actions. Finally, the issue of identity is much more prominent in the more modern novels and the issue of the modern family versus the individual and the rise of the individual from the modern family plays very prominently in â€Å"In the Eye of the Sun† and Dreams of Trespass†. The Arab family, as Magida Salman writes, is where â€Å"the fate of women is being decided and unfolds† (Salman 7). Therefore, it is nece ssary to understand the huge impact the family has on the identity of Arab women. Identity as a concept is valuable as a center for cross-cultural understandings of human experience because it begins with the individual, and issues of identity in a literary context can act as a mirror for what is happening in the real world.

Child Observation Essay -- Child Development Project

Leroy is a 2nd grade African American student at Martin Luther King Elementary School. He is 8 years old and lives with his mother and two older brothers. His favorite school subject is math. He likes to play video games and basketball, especially when he is playing with his friends. Leroy’s favorite holiday is Christmas, for he gets to visit his grandma and enjoy all the delicious foods that his mom and grandma cook. When asked where would he go if he can go anywhere, he responded with Skate Park. He likes to skate around the park with his brothers. Leroy wishes to be like his older brother when he grows up. Leroy is a competitive student even among his friends. He likes to read at the same table as his friends or in the same room with them. When his friends are present, Leroy is more cooperative. He follows instructions, and he puts more effort into his readings. He wants to perform better than his friends; however, once he begins to struggle, Leroy loses his motivation to succeed in the task. According to Svinicki (2005), Leroy’s behavior and attitudes portray a student with a performance goal. To be more specific, a student with a performance approach goal, for Leroy’s main interest is to appear competent. The main reasons for the effort he puts in are to surpass his peers in order to receive recognition and attention. After determining Leroy’s goal orientation, my goal was to encourage him to shift from performance approach goal to achievement goal. I believe shifting Leroy’s goal orientation will benefit Leroy in numerous ways. He will be intrinsically motivated to read, which will increase his engagement in the reading games that we perform together. When he is engaged in learning the contents for himself, h... ...uring challenging tasks. In order to encourage Leroy to shift his goal orientation from performance approach goal to mastery goal, a variety of supports may need to be provided. Leroy needs to learn in an environment that minimizes competition and supports failures as learning opportunities. He needs to witness his accomplishments and recognizes that it is his effort and not ability or inability that resulted in his success. It may take some time for Leroy to shift his goal orientation from a performance approach to an achievement goal, but I believe with the right support and encouragement, Leroy will be able to develop a mastery goal. Works Cited Dweck, C.S. (2007). The perils and promises of praise. Educational Leadership, 65(2), 34-39. Svinicki, M. (2005, February). Student goal orientation, motivation, and learning. Idea paper #41, Idea Center.

Comparative Essay between La Goulue & Les Girard

The city of lights was all about fun and the nightlife during the 19th century. Fortunately enough, Jules Cheerer and Henry De Toulouse-Ululate were able to perfectly capture the essence of Parish's blooming nightlife through their posters. Generally speaking, both posters are the same style, however, each artist was able to create different visual effects and atmospheric perspective using their own aesthetic sense. In this situation, both posters are advertising to the viewer the exhilarating nightlife n Parisian cabarets back in the 19th century.Yet, Latter's poster managed to capture a distinctive and sensual atmosphere compared to Cheerer's joyful atmosphere. Louise Weber, the female dancer In Latter's poster, can be seen performing the provocative cancan dance, which exposes her undergarments as she kicks her legs. The audience in the background looks as if they are interacting with the dancer even if they are Just watching her. Meanwhile, the dancers in Cheerer's poster are che erfully dancing with their hands in the air with no audience around.Even though the figures depicted in both posters are 2-dimensional, Latter's poster has more depth because of the way he places his figures through out different layers. The male dancer and the unusual yellow shape on the left dominate the foreground. The main focus of this image is the female figure placed in the center and between the foreground and background. The contrasting silhouettes behind her further highlight the focus on her. The figure in the middle of Cheerer's poster is wearing a vibrant red dress, which easily catches the viewer's eye even though two lively nagging men overlap her.The two male figures are framing the woman in the middle with their legs. The soft, textured, and plain background contrast with the red and black of the flat figures and brings them out. There Is minimal use of shading, but instead, crisp black lines outline the figures, giving the illustration a flat look. Nothing seems to have a definite structure since there is no sense of strong, angular and straight lines but instead, the lines look more organic as seen with the text and figures.This poster might look a bit symmetrical but the artist drew both men who re facing each other with slight differences to add more to the unstructured and organic feel of the Image. One of the main features of Less Gerard is how the text and illustrations can be seen interacting with one another. One figure looks like as if he is standing on the letter G while the other figure has his legs passing through the letter o. The small 3rd figure relationship can be seen between the text and illustrations in the way they were rendered. The have a long pointed form.For example, the tip â€Å"A† in â€Å"Less Gerard mimics the man's foot. The text was customized by the artist hence the similarities between the illustrations and the text. Ululate uses several different fonts in his poster. In this case, Latter's font does n ot interact with the figures in the poster and does not look like it was drawn by hand but instead is placed on top of the figures with low opacity. The other text that is dominating the top part of the poster has more bold colors and is outlined in black, which balances out the heavy image filled bottom part of the poster.Since Ululate was influenced by Cheerer, the similarities in their work. Ululate also chose to work using the same medium, lithography, which is why their work has strong bold colors. There is no doubt that both artists were influenced by the Japanese style, as it is evident in most of their work. The flat planes of color, 2-dimensional figures, and crisp black contour lines are elements from the Kikuyu-e woodblock print style. Latter's composition of figures overlapping each other is also derived from the Japanese art style. On the other hand, the composition in Cheerer's poster is almost symmetrical.This shows us that even though Ululate was influenced by Cheere r, Ululate had a better understanding of Japanese art and was able to fuse that with his own work in order to produce his own style. In conclusion, the posters may seem to be very similar in style; nevertheless, slight differences between those posters do exist and those differences showcase each artist's unique touch. This demonstrates the endless cycle of an artist influencing another artist who in turn modifies and develops what he learned in order to develop his own style and that may even result in a whole new art movement.

Internal communication Essay

It has recently come to my attention that several reports are circulating in the media regarding proposed layoffs at Yahoo and this has become a matter of concern to some of our employees. As with any reports that do not come directly from the Yahoo corporate offices, some of the information being presented could be considered factual while other information is clearly not. It is important to remember that Yahoo has no hidden agenda and employees will be informed as soon as possible when decisions are made which may affect their work status. The truth of the matter is that profit projections for the fiscal year 2007 initially do not appear to be meeting goals. Yahoo stock prices are also valued below projections. It is important that the company make up for these losses by finding methods which will increase profits and decrease costs in the upcoming year. In order to do so, there are many options available for review by Yahoo’s executives, most of them pertaining to an increase in sales of our more popular products, pricing restructure, partnering with other companies, marketing to reach new users, outsourcing, increasing productivity, and reducing those components of the operation which have proven to be unprofitable. Our CEO, Jerry Yang, will be making an educated, well-researched decision regarding these options. Mr. Yang will make an announcement as to which measures will be instituted by Yahoo to increase profits and stock prices on February 1st. Please rest assured that our employees will be apprised of this information before the media reports on the announcement. Until Mr. Yang makes his official announcement regarding profit increases and cost-cutting measures, please bear in mind that Yahoo is making every attempt to resolve its financial problems in a fair and equitable manner which will ensure Yahoo’s future growth and top placement in the market. Since Yahoo is a publicly traded company, it is often the target of media scrutiny and while at times we welcome this scrutiny for its promotional value, at other times it is based purely on hearsay with gaps filled in by a lack of factual information or supposed reports from â€Å"insiders† who no longer work at the company. At Yahoo, our very talented and hard working employees are the backbone of the company and we truly appreciate the time and effort spent at your jobs. The last thing Yahoo wishes to do is lose its most valuable assets – you. If anyone has any questions or concerns that have not been answered by this communication, please see your immediate supervisor, who can direct those concerns to the proper person. Best Regards, John Doe Internal Communications Coordinator Works Cited Helft, Miguel (January 22, 2008). â€Å"Hundreds of Layoffs Expect at Yahoo†. New York Times.

A research on lyndon johnson and the great society Essay

Lyndon Baines Johnson, also known as the LBJ, had a vision of a Great Society for his fellow citizens that led him to become the 36th president of United States of America. The humble beginnings of Lyndon were not to be regarded as full of luxuries and paradise travels as he felt the anguish of the poor and socially disadvantaged people and saw the pinch of rural poverty. Before he slided into presidency, earning money for the family constituted his youth that made him surged deeped into compassion for the impoverished people and pursuit for a great society. The main theme of the origins of the legendary LBJ was the rise from social and economic ills and finding ways to instigate change in the mainstream society of America where he was actually isolated from. According to LBJ, â€Å"When I was young, poverty was so common we did not know it had a name†. Though he was socially accustomed to think that he would have to deal with poverty and isolation from refinement, Lyndon came to a realization that he was â€Å"special- a young man destined for exceptional things†. Eager to fulfill his destiny and inspired to solve poverty, Lyndon struggled to have a decent yet competitive education with the support of his humble parents, Sam Ealy Johnson Jr. , a farmer and politician, and Rebekah Baines Johnson, a journalist. Solving poverty might be the factor that fueled his political dreams, but it was his father who greatly influenced him in his political actions. His father was a man of ambition and integrity as a legislator serving two terms in 1904. His father was regarded as the agrarian liberal or populist who â€Å"would not allow himself to be bought by lobbyists who dominated the proceedings†. Rebekah Baines’s line of descent as a journalist had equipped Lyndon with a deep â€Å"sense of inherited superiority. † The parents were astonished in Lyndon’s youth that was full of revelations and inklings about his future in the field of politics. As a gifted child and empowered by the praises and encouragement from his family, Lyndon went to local public schools, graduating from high school in 11924. After his graduation, Lyndon spent three uyears traveling around and applying for odd jobs before finally landing at the Southwest Texas State Teachers College that later became the Texas State University-San Marcos. It was in his college days that he gave out â€Å"concern, friendship, and benevolent support. † Lyndon said, â€Å" Some men want power simply to strut around the world and to hear the tune of the ‘Hail to the Chief’ while others want it simply to build prestige, to collect antiques and to buy prertty things-well, I wanted power to give things to people, all sorts of things to all sorts of people, especially the poor and the blacks. † Known as the embodiment of the great Texan spirit of self-denial, conservation, and service, Lydon became a popular figure at the university not in terms of academic performance. This event led to a career milestone for Lyndon. Lyndon’s career before the presidency was in education. He started as a teacher at the Welhausen Elementary School where he showed the children â€Å"a sense of importance most of them had never known before. † He moved to the Sam Houston High School before landing up a job in the congress as a secretary to a US congressman from the Fourteenth District in Texas in 1931. In this, Lyndon became more empowered to pursue his ambition. He became the Director of National Youth Administration that greatly addressed the â€Å"concern of Roosevelt’s New Deal to save a generation of young people from ignorance, unemployment, and enduring hardship. † Undaunted by the economic depression, he was elected to House of Representatives and campaigned successfully on a New Deal platform with the help of his wife Claudia Taylor. He joined the Navy for a brief period as lieutenant commander and won a Silver Star in the South Pacific. After serving six terms in the House, he was elected to the senate in 1948. In the 1960, Lyndon became John F. Kennedy’s running mate and sworn in as Vice President. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Lyndon sworn in as the President of the United States. A. Foreign and Domestic Policies Several politicians and critics of the LBJ presidency were at one in stating that the administration, together with its foreign and domestic policies, had its peaks and valleys. During the first year of the LBJ administration, the president saw many impressions bestowed upon him as he entirely devoted much effort and time on â€Å"vital domestic matters, both the tax cut and the civil rights law. † Impressions at this time said that the president might not be interested in foreign policies because of LBJ’s adept focus on the real needs of Americans. LBJ was like a domestic politician who could not care less about external affairs. He said, â€Å"Foreigners are not like the folks I’m used to. † After establishing a new civil rights bill and tax cuts, LBJ urged the nation to unite as one in creating a â€Å"Great Society, a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals and than the quantity of their goods. † The domestic policies of LBJ were concentrated on issues such as â€Å"civil rights, social welfare, anti-poverty programs, and labor. † The LBJ administration made a great deal about education, Medicare, urban renewal, conservation of the environment, health, voting rights, prevention of crime and delinquency and an amendment to the Social Security Act. The LBJ presidency also made explorations of space with three astronauts successfully orbiting the moon in December 1968. The administration also sought to fight the inevitable crisis from Vietnam that forced the president to impose budget cuts on domestic policies so that he would be able to push through with the foreign and defense policies. The LBJ policies pointing to Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Latin America â€Å"were bound up with the war in Vietnam. † Despite his efforts to stop the Communist war and reach an agreement, the war continued. Heated debate arose with the president’s decision to limit the bombing in North Vietnam in order to instigate negotiations. There are critics who said that the great foreign policy failure of the administration was its treatment to Vietnam. Following his firm stance on Communist Aggression, LBJ was convinced to gove Vietnam limited help. He said that he â€Å"would not permit the independent nations of the East to be swallowed up by the Communist conquest, but it would not mean sending American boys 9 or 10,000 miles away from home to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves. † To show firmness and decisiveness, LBJ ordered only retaliatory attacks to the aggressive North Vietnam and launched â€Å"Rolling Thunder†, a sustained bombing campaign to Vietnam. According to LBJ, â€Å"the key to peacemaking was to arrange a settlement that both preserved South Vietnam as an independent state for the foreseeable future and the quickest possible American exit from a war the country by 1968 no longer wished to fight. † Such assumption suggested that LBJ was â€Å"torn between an honorable exit and his desire to not to be the first president to lose a foreign war. † B. The Decision Not to Run for Re-Election When LBJ commanded to limit the bombing of Vietnam, he paired such action with a decision to withdraw from the re-election so that he might find some time for the quest for peace with no interruptions coming from politics. LBJ came to realization that he would not allow the presidency to be involved in any partisan movements which had infiltrated the United States since the advent of the Vietnam war. His policy of military escalation and the US participation in the war had overshadowed his popular standing and he was not able to establish real concessions for the peacemaking process. After his decision, the Vietnam aggression dragged on. By withdrawing from the re-election, â€Å"the administration found it difficult to act decisively,† LBJ’s decision not to run in the reelection was the outcome of his discernment in which he had to go through with his failing political instincts. Prior to his announcement, LBJ had to endure the criticisms which came with the rapid involvement of the US in the Vietnam war, racial tension in the American soil leading to widespread civil riots in the 1960s and the flaws of the Great Society movements. The flawed policies and programs of the LBJ administration led to Republican gains in the 1966 election and dwindled the hopes of Lyndon to further his participation in the Congress. It was in this turbulent period that antiwar candidate Senator Eugene McCarthy gained momentum to head the â€Å"dump Johnson† movement within the Democratic Party. The failure of his actions made it impossible for LBJ â€Å"to leave the White House without attracting hostile protesters. † 1968 had been dubbed as the â€Å"year everything went wrong† for the LBJ administration. II. Political Climate A. The Dominance of the Democratic Party LBJ made his congressional district in Texas as his foundation in his pursuit for a national role in the Democratic Party. He was â€Å"frustrated with the bureaucratic inertia and lack of innovation in fundraising by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and Democratic National Committee (DNC). † It was in this frustration that he developed a finite and negative impression of the national party committees that greatly influenced his leadership to the political party. His support to the Democratic Party saw him finding ways on how to finance hundreds of congressional particularly those who have a good of winning and satisfying their requests. As a congressional campaign manager for the House, his vigorous fundraising strategies to support the candidates earned him the respect and support coming from FDR and the other congressmen whom he helped to win. When FDR asked LBJ the result of the campaign, LBJ replied that the Democratic Party would not lose. He says to FDR that â€Å"We’re not going to lose, we’re going to gain. † Now that the House was run by literate Democrats, what FDR had started, including the Social Security (FICA) Program would soon see radical change. During his presidency, LBJ took the Social Security Program from independent trust fund and transferred it to the General fund in order for the Congress to spend it on valuable measures such as in the enactment and foreign and defense policies pointing to the unending war in Vietnam. LBJ’s military escalation policy to Vietnam failed and his domestic policies on civil war and racial tension became undone which had shattered the Democratically-controlled House and Senate. These dark moments became the finest hour of Republicans. B. â€Å"The Johnson Treatment† Lyndon was renowned for his arm twisting of influential politicians in order to pursure legislation. He became famous for his authoritative glance and powers of persuasion, dispensing them with what became popular as the â€Å"Johnson Treatment†. Such coinage was used to describe the domineering personality of LBJ who tend to impose physical size and initimidation in order to advance what he had to say. Lyndon once said, â€Å" I do understand power, whatever else may be said about me, I know where to look for it and I know how to use. † One of the key elements in Lyndon’s leadership and power was his use of the â€Å"Johnson Treatment† that was an eclecic mix of flattery, gentle pleading, logic, and threats. He was able to strategically utilize the â€Å"Johnson Treatment† in the way he gained full control of the Democratic Policy Committee, managed relations within the senate, maintained connections with the Republicans and the Liberals who supported civil rights for the African Americans, solidified control under his leadership, and established a coup when he was still a majority leader convincing the Senate to increase public spending on housing sector. It was in this coup that the he became a master politician or the master of the Senate because of his display of single-mindedness, skill and attention to details. But LBJ’s art of persuading and use of intimidation was no match against the revolutionary nationalists such as Gamal Abdel Nasser who said, â€Å"the West if the enemy, while the Soviets are kindred spirits and purveyors of weapons unobtainable elsewhere. † The â€Å"Johnson Treatment† failed to instill a positive effect on Nasser who continually resisted American policies and â€Å"denounced American imperialism in Congo. † LBJ deeply shocked with the unveiling of the â€Å"Blueprint for the Liberation of Palestine† accompanied by Nasser statement that the only way to liberation was Arab revolutionary action. The failure of the â€Å"Johnson Treatment† was equally defined by LBJ’s unsuccessful leadership to pull the United States out of the quagmire of the Vietnam war. The failure of the â€Å"Johnson Treatment† was viewed by the Americans as the failure of his policies toward Vietnam. The solution to the Vietnam unrest was one of the goals of the three presidents before LBJ and just like them, the LBJ sought to determine how to prevent the North Vietnamese Communists from acquiring South Vietnam that the US supported. C. The Civil Rights Movement Reformation of the civil rights proved to be the greatest challenge to LBJ’s majority leadership and to his presidency later on. In the mind of LBJ, the civil rights issue â€Å"was a fundamental prerequisite to strengthening the American voice abroad. † LBJ sought to â€Å"mount a social revolution in civil rights and the extension of the welfare state. † His policies on alleviating poverty and upholding rights were aiming at demonstrating that â€Å"he was a president who could rise above politics to serve the national interest. † The reform in the civil rights in the US started from a small-scale demonstrations before key players, movements, leaders and organizations finally constructed a vivid change. LBJ was one of the key leaders in bringing change. The turbulent period of the 1940s and the early 1950s was attributable to the â€Å"white southerners who controlled Congress and engineered the defeat of six civil rights bills. † The white group opposed the integration with blacks and â€Å"argued that individual states should have the right to manage their own affairs. † They used states’ rights in order to promote segregation, â€Å"a system of laws that required African Americans to be separated from the whites. † As such caused a significant backlash that came in the forms of protests and racial violence in the middle of the 1950s as African Americans continued to push harder for equal rights. The period was made more turbulent with the enactment of the Jim Crow laws that reinforced segregation. The Jim Crow laws banned African American students from going to educational institutions with white students and also prevented blacks from going to swimming pools, hotels and other establishments where there were whites. Jim Crow laws prohibited African Americans from voting and denied them many opportunities which were only provided for the whites. Then came Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. , who led the civil rights protests until his death by assassination in 1968. Harder violence was pushed through with the struck down of segregation in schools. As a southerner who had accustomed himself to the separation of blacks and whites thoroughout his career, LBJ â€Å"seemed to be an unreliable advocate of civil rights statute. † He supported civil rights but he was aware that the â€Å"pushing for a strong bill would anger many Democrats in the South. † As a compromise, LBJ â€Å"worked out a deal with southerners to pass a weakened bill and convinced liberal western membbers to pass it in exchange for support for a dam they wanted built. † The bill became the first civil rights legislation enacted by the Congress in 82 years and LBJ took all the credit for it. The Civil Rights Act was proposed by the President John F. Kennedy in 1963 and quickly became a controversial issue. The Civil Rights Act would guarantee African Americans with freedom to vote, to go to places of public accommodation, and with equal opportunity in employment. Although the Congress did not approve of Kennedy’s initiative, a stronger version of the bill was eventually approved with the constant urging of Kennedy’s successor, LBJ. On July 2, 1964, LBJ signed the bill into law and soon became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that gave the federal law enforcement agencies the authority to stop and prevent racial violence and discrimination in voting, employment and in the utilization of public facilities. III. The Great Society A. Civil Rights The Great Society domestic programs of LBJ were aiming at two creating social reforms for the elimination of poverty and racial discrimination. One of legacies of the Great Society programs was translating some of the needs and demands of the civil rights movement into law. During the LBJ presidency, four civil rights acts had secured their passage in Congress. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 stopped job discrimination and the segregation in the use of public facilities. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminates the â€Å"use of literacy requirements and other methods to keep African Americans from voting. † In LBJ’s pursuit for the Great Society, he also gave the nation urban renewal programs, housing subsidies, tax cuts, Traffic Highway Safety Act, National Commission on Product Safety, and environment beautification programs. B. War on Poverty LBJ was determined to â€Å"promote economic growth and commit the nation to a ‘war on poverty. ‘† The war on poverty was deemed as the most ambitious and controversial part of the Great Society. Headed by Sargent Shriver, the war on poverty promised to improve Americans’ standard of living. LBJ said to Shriver, â€Å"You make this thing work. Appoint all the committees you want to, confer with everybody. † LBJ continued, â€Å"This is number one on the domestic front. Next to peace in the world, this is the most important. † The unconditional war on poverty implemented by LBJ was confronted with resistance from the 88th Congress that later on granted â€Å"$947. 5 million in 1964 for the antipoverty program. † The centerpiece of the antipoverty program was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 that LBJ signed on August 22, 1964 and established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). The anti-poverty program included the Job Corps and Neighborhood Corps, food stamp program, rent subsidies for moderate and low-income families, a youth employment initiative, and other antipoverty efforts. The initiative lessened the poverty rate in the US from â€Å"22. 4 percent in the late 1950s to 11. 1 percent in 1973. † C. Medicare/Medicaid Medicare was included in the package that was the extension of the War on Poverty. Representative Hale Boggs said that during LBJ presidency, â€Å"the Congress passed more bills than had ever been passed in all the rest of history of the country together. † Included in the passed bills was a Medicare bill that aim â€Å"to provide health care for the nation’s elderly and health benefits for the poor† The Great Society effort federally financed the training for doctors and nurses, establishment of mental heath centers and health facilities focusing on heart problems, cancer and stroke. The Social Security Act of 1965 was passed by Congress to render federal funding for the medical costs of the elderly. This legislation was opposed by the American Medical Association but overcame such opposition to the idea of socialized medicine or public health care and connecting payments with the private health insurance companies. Welfare recipients regardless of age obtained health benefits by the Medicaid program established on July 30, 1965 under Title XIX of the Social Security Act. D. Education LBJ said that he â€Å"no longer can afford second-class education for children who know that they have the right to be first-class citizens. † In fulfilling this aim, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was signed into law on April 1965. The legislation federally funded public schools to help them obtain educational materials and start special education programs to institutions with large number of low-income children. It pursued Head Start, a program initially worked on by the OEO. The Head Start program provided comprehensive aid to the field of education, healthcare, and parent involvement initiatives to low-income children and families. Other programs of LBJ included â€Å"school breakfast programs, Teacher Corps Act of 1965, Adult Education Act of 1968, and the Educational Opportunity Act of 1968. † E. Arts One of the significant contributions of the Great Society effort was the promotion of the arts and humanities. LBJ said, â€Å"The happy relationship between the arts and politics which has characterized our long history I think reached culmination tonight. † LBJ was successful in formalizing federal aid for public radio and television stations, arts institution and higher education. LBJ signed the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities into law that later on established both the National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment for the Humanities as separate agencies. He also gave attention on the need for the noncommercial education television in society that paved the way for the enactment of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. The law led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service and the National Public Radio. National centers and arts facilities also received federal funding during the presidency of LBJ. IV. The Success of LBJ Administration LBJ’s presidency is greatly remembered for the â€Å"Great Society† programs that aimed to improve the quality of living of Americans. The domestic policies enacted by the Congress during the time of LBJ played significant roles in the lives of Americans who were caught up with the loss of Kennedy, violence and economic ills. LBJ gave light to his people by promising them better and healthy living. One of main goals of the Great Society was to eliminate poverty. LBJ showed determination in reaching the promised land of Great Society by urging Americans to rebuild their cities, eliminate urban decay, and attain a renewed sense of community. In order to help his people, LBJ established a list of laws which promoted racial equality, qquaality education, healthcare, and lowered poverty rate. Many of LBJ’s programs â€Å"made great strides in improving the lives of ordinary Americans. † Some of the laws created impact on the political direction of the nation. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave voice to African Americans while the Civil Rights Act of 1964 freed African Americans from violence, racial prejudice and social inequality. The result of the war on poverty was promising enough as the poverty rate of the nation dwindled from â€Å"22. 4 percent in the late 1950’s to 11. 1 percent in 1973. † Antipoverty programs of LBJ created millions of jobs, increase in salary and wages and in business profits, and decrease in unemployment rate. Promising results were also seen in the field of education and healthcare as federal funding continued to help citizens exploit what the administration had to offer. Medicare and Medicaid were made to render medical insurance for the elderly and to the poor people. Funding for heathcare benefits continued while the availability of Medicare and Medicaid widened. Support for the arts and culture was also evident. V. The Failure of LBJ Administration Unfortunately, â€Å"LBJ had promised the impoverished much more than he could deliver. † There were many citizens whocame to realize that the administration had just an â€Å"overly optimistic prediction that did not come true. † Resulting from disappointment were black power and violence in the streets which showed the anguish of the nation. African Americans started to lose faith in LBJ and began to demand immediate change. The backlash of LBJ’s antisegregation efforts began to incite arguments within the southerners while the American people urged the government not to gift black rioters with federal programs. The anger over the desegragation policy of LBJ weakened the Democratic Party and LBJ’s base of power. LBJ’s foreign policy dilemmas stirred antiwar protests along with civil unrest. Demonstrations concerning the involvement of the United States in Vietnam began to undercut LBJ’s presidency. The people complained that the involvement of the nation in the Vietnam war â€Å"took money and attention away from the needed domestic programs. † The people accused Lbj of turning the Vietnam war into national obsession making his War on Poverty nothing more like a skirmish. The presidency of LBJ was equally defined by his Great Society programs and the nation’s entanglement in the Vietnam war. Problems in the foreign policies of Lbj started from the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union. The conflict was that the Soviet Union and Korea were supporting the commkunist forces in northern Vietnam while the United States was in support of the South Vietnam government. Despite complaints, LBJ pushed through with the Vietnam War fearing that losing South Vietnam would wreak havoc on his political career. VI. Conclusion The administration of LBJ was defined by the successes and failures of foreign and domestic policies. During his stay at the White House, he pursued Kennedy’s civil rights bill and tax cuts. He promised to promote better living for the Americans though his Great Society programs. But as he was doing well in putting America in the promised land of a Great Society, Vietnma War was intensifying. Later on, antiwar protests and civil violence gained momentum as American casualties increased in Vietnam. It was evident that LBJ could care less about hearing his people and his presidency was all about between him, his instincts, and his advisers. The failure of his foreign policy in the Vietnam war became the measurement of his entire political career. The dilemma was that LBJ considered the Vietnam War as an inherited course instead of treating it as his job as an influential leader. It could be observed that LBJ was an indecisive leader with no firm stance on foreign policies. To make matter worst, the indecisive president was surrounded with political advisers who were not united and binded with the same aim. It was in the topic of Vietnam War that he was not able to fully utilize his â€Å"Johnson Treatment† to the advantage of American people. Even though the issue in Vietnam War dominated the entire career of LBJ, it was good to know that his Great Society programs were successful. Such programs were only overshadowed by the riots and violence and the public’s demand for more than what LBJ could give. The Vietnam War was just one of the flaws of the Great Society programs since the domestic policies were connected with the foreign ones. The Great Society programs produced favorable results while their negative impact to the world came from the opposition that was not supportive of LBJ’s presidency. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brands, H. W. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson: Beyond Vietnam. Texas: A&M University Press, 1999. Dallek, Robert. Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Gold, Susan Dudley. Presidents and Their Times: Lyndon B. Johnson. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009. Savage, Sean J. JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. New York: State University of New York, 2004. Schwartz, Thomas Alan. Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003.